库尔勒香梨保鲜状况及贮藏中的新问题

库尔勒香梨是新疆特色的传统优势梨,不少学者认为库尔勒香梨是瀚海梨和鸭梨的自然杂交种。近年来,它已成为中国香港、东南亚市场上具有较强竞争力的水果。但是库尔勒香梨在贮藏过程中存在很多问题,严重影响了其销售量和经济效益,大大降低了商品价值,带来了较大的经济损失。     

Status and conservation of the grey seal, Halichœrus grypus, in France

We investigated the status of the grey seal in the Molène archipelago, western Brittany, where a Marine National Park is planned. We combined regular censuses, photo-identification and satellite telemetry to investigate trends in grey seal abundance, site fidelity, individual movements and haulout site use. Individual movements and seasonal variations in abundance suggest that the seals used the Molène archipelago alternatively with other haulout sites of the South-west British Isles during their annual cycle. Nine out of 16 seals fitted with Satellite Relay Data Loggers (SRDLs) moved to the Isles of Scilly, English Cornwall, Wales or the Channel islands. On average the seals spent 85% of their time Near Haulout, 56.8% of which in the Molène archipelago. Overall the seals spent 66% of their tracking time within the boundaries of the Marine National Park. From 1997 to 2000 in the Molène archipelago, we observed a peak in number during the moulting season (mean = 49.8 seals) and a lower abundance during the breeding season (mean = 38.3 seals). The sex ratio was strongly skewed towards males during the moult (between 3.1 and 5.3-1), and was close to 1:1 during the summer. Inter-annual site fidelity outside the breeding season was very high, varying from 70% to 95% of identified seals, suggesting that the observed movements constitute rotations rather than random dispersion. From 1991/1994 to 1997/2000, the mean number of seals counted at haulout sites increased by 7%, close to the rates of increase observed in the core population of the British Isles at the same period. The Marine National Park may be too restricted for the overall conservation of the population but management plans should be aimed at preserving the characteristics of the habitat for the grey seal.     

从形态和分子特性来探讨美国长木植物园黄杨种质之间的关系

黄杨是栽植很广的庭园观赏灌木,美国长木植物园从世界各地收集了许多优良品种.仅从形态上来区别这些黄杨品种是很困难的.为鉴定20个黄杨优良品种,我们分别从形态特征（叶、习性和长势）和分子标记（AFLP标记）两方面着手,综合分析它们的亲缘关系.三个AFLP引物结合在75和500bp DNA片段间一共产生212个条带.每一个黄杨品种平均有74个条带,最低者有50条,最高者有108条;通常可用于签定的特有条带在0到15条之间.品种间的遗传距离介于0.028和0.439之间.用PAUP软件,我们得到一个UPGMA树状图,并将每一步有显著差异的标在图上.从分子特性来讲,这20个黄杨优良品种可能起源于4到5个种,并可很清楚地分为12个栽培变种.形态特征也支持分子特性的结论.由此可见,结合形态特征和分子标记是确定遗传关系、鉴定栽培变种和分子辅助定性育种的一个很好的方法.     

上海市郊中小河流水污染现状及对策

为了研究高速发展地区地表水环境状况及主要影响因子,以上海郊区青浦香花桥镇为例,对该地中小河流水环境质量进行了长期监测。结果表明,郊区中小河流氮磷污染严重,并存在一定的重金属污染风险。中小河流污染的空间分布规律显示,人们生活活动、禽畜养殖、农田径流等因素是河流水环境污染的主要因素。提出上海郊区中小河流的治理,应更多地重视生态策略,增强河流的生态自净功能。     

滇池沉积物磷的释放以及不同形态磷的贡献

在实验室控制条件下，以滇池表层新鲜沉积物为材料，研究了水体溶解氧、pH值对沉积物磷释放的影响以及沉积物不同形态磷对释放的贡献。结果表明，随着水体pH值的升高，沉积物的释磷量明显增加，湖水碱性条件下的释放量是中性条件的几百倍。与好氧条件相比，厌氧状态促进沉积物中磷的释放。可还原态磷是厌氧条件下磷释放的主要形态，碱性条件下金属氧化物结合态磷对沉积物磷释放的贡献很大。滇池北部沉积物磷以金属氧化物结合态磷、有机磷形式为主，钙结合态磷次之，可还原态和弱吸附态磷含量很少。不同形态磷在沉积物剖面总的变化规律为表层含量大于底层。     

软X射线对柑桔愈伤组织和原生质体的影响

研究了软Ｘ射线对丹西红桔愈伤组织和原生质体的影响。结果表明,辐照１ｈ和１．５ｈ都在不同程度上抑制了愈伤组织的生长,辐照１．５ｈ表现更为明显;原生质体经辐照１．５ｈ后分裂的很少,在培养过程中发生质壁分离,辐射１ｈ的原生质体受抑制的作用不一些。